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_John Jacob ASTOR ___|
| (1763 - 1848) m 1785|
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_William Backhouse ASTOR __________|
| (1792 - 1875) |
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| |_Sarah Cox TODD _____|
| (1762 - 1842) m 1785|
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|--William Backhouse (Jr) ASTOR
| (1829 - 1892)
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|_Margaret Alida Rebecca ARMSTRONG _|
(1800 - 1872) |
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[40679] See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Backhouse_Astor_Jr.
[36258] This person is from the Flood Family Tree in Ancestry.com in 2014. Ancestry.com provides "Dodge Name Meaning - from the Middle English personal name Dogge, a pet form of Roger. possibly a nickname from Middle English dogge 'dog' (Old English docga, dogga)."
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_Antoine de Bourdon of FRANCE _|
| (1518 - 1562) m 1548 |
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|--Henry IV "The Great", King of FRANCE
| (1553 - 1610)
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| | (1469 - 1516) m 1486 |
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| _Henry II, King of NAVARRE _|
| | (1503 - 1555) m 1526 |
| | | _Gaston II of FOIX ___________+
| | | | (1423 - 1472)
| | | _Gaston of FOIX ___________|_Juana of NAVARRE ____________
| | | | (1444 - 1470) m 1461
| | |_Catherine of NAVARRE ________|
| | (1468 - 1517) m 1486 |
| | | _Charles VII, King of FRANCE _+
| | | | (1403 - 1461) m 1422
| | |_Magdalena of FRANCE ______|_Marie of ANJOU ______________
| | (1443 - 1495) m 1461 (1404 - 1463)
|_Jeanne d'Albret of FRANCE ____|
(1528 - 1572) m 1548 |
| _Louis of BEAUMONT ___________+
| | (1372 - 1407)
| _John, Count of ANGOULEME _|_Valentina VISCONTI __________
| | (1404 - 1467) (1371 - 1408)
| _Charles, Count of ANGOULEME _|
| | (1459 - 1496) |
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| | |_Margaret DE ROHAN ________|______________________________
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|_Margaret of ANGOULEME _____|
(1492 - 1549) m 1526 |
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(1476 - 1531) |
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[11291] He was the first Bourbon king of France, who restored stability after the religious wars of the 16th century. His father was descended in the ninth generation from the 13th-century king of France, Louis IX. His mother was queen of Navarre and niece of King Francis I of France. Although baptized a Roman Catholic, Henry was brought up as a Calvinist by his strong-minded mother, a leader of the French Protestant (Huguenot) movement, which during the 1560s became involved in a series of civil wars with the Catholics. Henry's wedding in 1572 to Margaret of Valois, sister of the reigning monarch, Charles IX, was followed by the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day, in which thousands of Huguenots were slain on the king's order (see Saint Bartholomew' Day, Massacre of). Henry saved his own life by converting to Roman Catholicism, but he remained a prisoner at court until 1576. After his escape he repudiated his conversion and assumed the leadership of the Huguenot movement. Although he accepted his unwilling wife at his court in Navarre, neither respected the marriage vows. Henry's storming of the fortress town of Cahors in 1580 launched his career as an intrepid military leader. In many subsequent battles his white plume was to be found wherever the fighting was fiercest. He won another brilliant victory at Coutras in 1587, and two years later formed an alliance with Charles IX's successor, Henry III, against the Catholic League, which was dominated by the Guise family. When Henry III (the last king of the Valois dynasty) was murdered by a league fanatic in 1589, the Huguenot leader, who was next in line for the throne, proclaimed himself king as Henry IV. Backed by Spain and the pope, however, the league refused to acknowledge a Protestant as king of France, and many Catholic nobles who had served Henry III against the league deserted the royal army. Henry won victories over the league at Arques and Ivry and besieged the league stronghold, Paris, which was eventually relieved by a Spanish army from the Netherlands. Henry skillfully exploited divisions among the leaguers, and in 1593 he disarmed his opponents by announcing his reconversion to Catholicism. A year later he bribed the league commander of the capital to admit his army. One by one, he defeated or bought over the magnates of the house of Guise who continued to resist. In 1595, when he officially declared war on Spain, the pope granted him absolution. He could no longer rely on the Huguenots, who drove a hard bargain to secure a new edict of toleration. This was granted at Nantes in 1598, and it was followed by a peace treaty with Spain. After that, serious resistance to his rule ended. In 1599 Henry secured papal annulment of his first marriage, and the year after he married Marie de Médicis, a distant cousin of the mother of the last Valois kings. His leading minister, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully, reorganized the finances and promoted the economic recovery of France after decades of civil war. Agriculture, manufacturing, and commerce were encouraged, the burden of taxation upon the peasantry reduced, and the nobility relieved from the pressure of debt by declaring a moratorium. The system by which officials in finance and the judiciary purchased their offices from the Crown was formalized in 1604 by a tax on office known as the paulette. At the same time Sully pursued a policy of substituting royal officers for those employed by local representative bodies. Until 1609 these measures were accompanied by an external policy of peace. In that year Henry began preparations to intervene in Germany against the Catholic Habsburg dynasty, a move that was opposed by some French Catholics. The king was about to join his army when he was assassinated by a Catholic extremist. Henry IV's genial informality, bravery, gallantry, perseverance in adversity, and readiness to bend religious principle to political advantage have earned him a special place in French history. Not only did he restore order and prosperity to his ruined kingdom but he also ensured that the monarchy would be Catholic and absolutist.
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|--Madelena FUSSELMAN
| (1793 - 1833)
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[47395] Solomon is son of Christopher Bower and Maria Shearer. Perhaps he is the Solomon Bower who, with Abraham Bower, was a member of the first church council of the Loysville Lutheran Church in 1816 - see http://www.rootsweb.com/~paperry/perry_churchbtwn_contents_zion.htm. A Solomon Bower was confirmed in 1798 in Lebanon Church at Loysville - http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~paperry/perry_churches_lebanon.htm. For Christopher and Maria, see http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Cliffs/5410/perryroots.html. Ancestry.com offers: "Bower Name Meaning - Scottish: occupational name for a bow maker, Older Scots bowar, equivalent to English Bowyer. English and Scottish: from Middle English bur, bour 'bower', 'cottage', 'inner room' (Old English bur), hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a small cottage, an occupational name for a house servant who attended his master in his private quarters (see Bowerman), or a habitational name from any of various places, for example in Essex, named Bower or Bowers from this word."
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_Edward Gerald (Sr.) SHAMBAUGH _|
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| | _Joseph HEICHEL ______+
| | | (1819 - 1889) m 1843
| | _Francis Marion HEICHEL _____|_Ann Rebecca BASFORD _
| | | (1847 - 1912) m 1894 (1825 - 1910)
| | _Harvey Clayton HEICHEL _|
| | | (1906 - 1956) m 1927 |
| | | | _Frederick COLEMAN ___+
| | | | | (1827 - 1901) m 1863
| | | |_Rachel (Lucettie) COLEMAN __|_Melissa CARNAHAN ____
| | | (1866 - 1942) m 1894 (.... - 1907)
| |_Evelyn Lou HEICHEL ____________|
| (1936 - 2017) |
| | _Thomas Evan DAVIS ___
| | | (.... - 1895) m 1885
| | _Alexander Thomas DAVIS _____|_Janet POLLOCK _______
| | | (1887 - 1942) m 1905 (1868 - 1942)
| |_Mary Isabelle DAVIS ____|
| (1909 - 1982) m 1927 |
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| |_Viola A. ("Alice") SLICKER _|______________________
| (1883 - 1954) m 1905
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|--Kathie Alyssa SHAMBAUGH
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[12591] living - details excluded
_Raymond V Berenger, Count of BARCELONA __+
| (1113 - 1162) m 1151
_Alfonso II, King of ARAGóN _____________|_Petronella of ARAGóN ___________________
| (.... - 1196) m 1174 (1136 - 1174)
_Peter (Pedro) II, King of ARAGóN __________|
| (1174 - 1213) m 1208 |
| | _Alfonso VII, King of CASTILE ____________+
| | | (1105 - 1157) m 1152
| |_Sancha of CASTILE _______________________|_Richilde OF POLAND ______________________
| (1154 - 1208) m 1174 (.... - 1185)
_James I, King of ARAGóN _____________|
| (1207 - 1276) m 1235 |
| | _William VII, Count of MONTPELLIER _______+
| | | m 1159
| | _William VIII, Count of MONTPELLIER ______|_Matilde DE BOURGOGNE ____________________
| | | (.... - 1218) m 1174 (1130 - 1172)
| |_Mary of MONTPELLIER ________________________|
| (1182 - 1218) m 1208 |
| | _Manuel COMNENUS _________________________+
| | | (1118 - 1180) m 1161
| |_Eudocia COMNENA _________________________|_Maria of ANTIOCH ________________________
| m 1174 (1145 - 1182)
_Peter III The Grand, King of ARAGON _|
| (1239 - 1285) |
| | _Geisa II Arpád, King of HUNGARY ________+
| | | m 1146
| | _Béla III Arpád, King of HUNGARY _______|_Githa (or EUPHROSINE) ___________________
| | | (1148 - 1196) m 1171 (1130 - 1186)
| | _Andrew II, King of HUNGARY _________________|
| | | (1176 - 1235) m 1215 |
| | | | _Renaud DE CHâTILLON ____________________+
| | | | | (.... - 1187) m 1152
| | | |_Agnes (or Anne) of CHâTILLON ___________|_Constance GUISCARD ______________________
| | | (1154 - 1184) m 1171 (1127 - 1163)
| |_Yolande of HUNGARY ___________________|
| (1219 - 1251) m 1235 |
| | _Peter of FRANCE _________________________+
| | | (.... - 1183) m 1150
| | _Pierre, Crusader EMPEROR\CONSTANTINOPLE _|_Elizabeth DE COURTENAY __________________
| | | (1155 - ....) m 1193 (1127 - 1205)
| |_Yolande DE COURTENAY _______________________|
| (.... - 1233) m 1215 |
| | _Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut & FLANDERS __+
| | | (1150 - 1195) m 1169
| |_Yolande of FLANDERS _____________________|_Margarite of LORRAINE ___________________
| (1175 - 1219) m 1193 (.... - 1194)
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|--Alfonso II, King of Aragon & SICILY
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| _Frederick I "Barbarossa", EMPEROR _______+
| | (1122 - 1190) m 1156
| _Henry VI, King of GERMANY _______________|_Beatrix of MACON ________________________
| | (1165 - 1197) m 1186 (1145 - 1184)
| _Frederick II Hohenstaufen, King of GERMANY _|
| | (1194 - 1250) |
| | | _Roger II of SICILY ______________________+
| | | | (1095 - 1154) m 1151
| | |_Constance of SICILY _____________________|_Beatrix of RETHEL _______________________
| | (1146 - 1198) m 1186 (.... - 1185)
| _Manfred (von Hohenstaufen) of SICILY _|
| | (1231 - 1266) m 1247 |
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(1249 - 1302) |
| _Humbert III "The Saint", Count of SAVOY _+
| | (1136 - 1189)
| _Thomas I, Count of SAVOY ________________|_Beatrix of MâCON _______________________
| | (1177 - 1233) m 1195 (.... - 1230)
| _Amadeus IV, Count of SAVOY _________________|
| | (.... - 1253) |
| | | _William I, Count of GENEVA ______________+
| | | | (1130 - 1195)
| | |_Margaret of GENEVA ______________________|_Marguerite Béatrice DE FAUCIGNY ________
| | (1180 - 1257) m 1195 (1152 - ....)
|_Beatrice of SAVOY ____________________|
(.... - 1259) m 1247 |
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[19388] [Or Alfonso III, King of Aragon.] In 2007 http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ARAGON%20&%20CATALONIA.htm offers: "He succeeded his father in 1285 as Alfonso III 'el Liberal' King of Aragon and Valencia, Count of Barcelona. After he succeeded, he continued his fathers campaign against the Balearic Islands to punish his uncle Jaime II King of Mallorca, for the latters support of the French during the dispute over Sicily. He recaptured Mallorca city and Ibiza 1286, and captured Minorca from the Moors Jan 1287. However, diplomatic tensions with France and the Papacy worsened, and eventually Alfonso was forced to withdraw his support for his brother at Tarascon Feb 1291 as the price for lifting sanctions. He was forced to grant further privileges to the Aragonese Union 1287 ('el privilegio de la unión'), after the latter invaded Valencia and placed an embargo on royal revenues. - m (by proxy Westminster Abbey 15 Aug 1290, not consummated) as her first husband, Eleanor of England, daughter of Edward I King of England & his first wife Infanta doña Leonor de Castilla (Windsor Castle [17 Jun] 1264 or 1269-Ghent 12 Oct 1297, bur Westminster Abbey). She married secondly (20 Sep 1393) Henri III Comte de Bar (-Sep 1302). Also see "A History of Aragon and Catalonia," H. J. Chaytor, Chapter 4 - on line at http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/hac9.htm
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[32688] Ancestry.com offers: "Stone Name Meaning - English: from Old English stan 'stone', in any of several uses. It is most commonly a topographic name, for someone who lived either on stony ground or by a notable outcrop of rock or a stone boundary-marker or monument, but it is also found as a metonymic occupational name for someone who worked in stone, a mason or stonecutter. There are various places in southern and western England named with this word, for example in Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Kent, Somerset, Staffordshire, and Worcestershire, and the surname may also be a habitational name from any of these."
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