_George SPENCER _____+
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_George SPENCER-CHURCHILL _|_Caroline RUSSELL ___
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_John Winston Spencer CHURCHILL _|
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He was Great Britain's greatest 20th-century statesman, best known for his
courageous leadership as prime minister during World War II.
He graduated from the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, but having
served in India and the Sudan he resigned his cavalry commission in 1899
to become a correspondent during the Boer War. A daring escape after he
had been captured made him a national hero, and in 1900 he was elected to
Parliament as a Conservative. Despite his aristocratic background, he
switched in 1904 to the Liberal party. In 1908 he became president of the
Board of Trade in Herbert Henry Asquith's Liberal cabinet. Then, and later
as home secretary (1910-11), he worked for special reform in tandem with
David Lloyd George. As first lord of the admiralty (1911-15), Churchill
was a vigorous modernizer of the navy.
Churchill's role in World War I was controversial and almost destroyed his
career. Naval problems and his support of the disastrous Gallipoli
campaign forced his resignation from the admiralty. Following service as a
batalion commander in France, he joined Lloyd George's coalition cabinet,
and from 1917 to 1922 he filled several important positions, including
minister of munitions and secretary for war. The collapse of Lloyd George
and the Liberal party in 1922 left Churchill out of Parliament between
1922 and 1924. Returning in 1924, he became chancellor of the Exchequer in
Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government (1924-29). As such he displayed
his new conservatism by returning Britain to the gold standard and
vigorously condemning the trade unions during the general strike of 1926.
During the depression years (1929-39) Churchill was denied cabinet office.
Baldwinand later Neville Chamberlain, who dominated the national
government from 1931 to 1940disliked his opposition to self-government
for India and his support of Edward VIII during the abdication crisis of
1936. His insistence on the need for rearmament and his censure of
Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler at Munich in 1938 also aroused
suspicion. When Britain declared war on Germany in September 1939,
however, Churchill's views were finally appreciated, and public opinion
demanded his return to the admiralty.
Churchill succeeded Chamberlain as prime minister on May 10, 1940. During
the dark days of World War II that followed -- Dunkirk, the fall of
France, and the blitz -- Churchill's pugnacity and rousing speeches
rallied the British to continue the fight. He urged his compatriots to
conduct themselves so that, "if the British Empire and its Commonwealth
last for a thousand years, men will still say, This was their finest
hour.'" By successful collaboration with President Franklin D. Roosevelt
he was able to secure military aid and moral support from the United
States. After the Soviet Union and the U.S. entered the war in 1941,
Churchill established close ties with leaders of what he called the "Grand
Alliance." Traveling ceaselessly throughout the war, he did much to
coordinate military strategy and to ensure Hitler's defeat. His
conferences with Roosevelt and Stalin, most notably at Yalta in 1945, also
shaped the map of postwar Europe. By 1945 he was admired throughout the
world, his reputation disguising the fact that Britain's military role had
become secondary. Unappreciative of the popular demands for postwar social
change, however, Churchill was defeated by the Labour party in the
election of 1945.
Churchill criticized the "welfare state" reforms of Labour under his
successor Clement Attlee. He also warned in his "Iron Curtain" speech in
Fulton, Missouri, in 1946, of the dangers of Soviet expansion. He was
prime minister again from 1951 to 1955, but this time age and poor health
prevented him from providing dynamic leadership. Resigning in 1955,
Churchill devoted his last years to painting and writing.
Churchill was also an able historian. His most famous works are The World
Crisis (4 vol., 1923-29), My Early Life (1930), Marlborough (4 vol.,
1933-38), The Second World War (6 vol., 1948-53), and A History of the
English-Speaking Peoples (4 vol., 1956-58). He received the Nobel Prize
for literature and a knighthood in 1953.
Churchill's death in 1965, like that of Queen Victoria in 1901, marked the
end of an era in British history. Born into a Victorian aristocratic
family, he witnessed and participated in Britain's transformation from
empire to welfare state, and its decline as a world power. His true
importance, however, rests on the fact that by sheer stubborn courage he
led the British people, and with them, the democratic Western world, from
the brink of defeat to a final victory in the greatest conflict the world
has ever seen.
In 1999 the Winston Churchil Web site was http://www.churchill-society-london.org.uk
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[23811] See http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugues_Ier_d'Oisy and http://a.decarne.free.fr/gencar/dat166.htm (not verified).
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m 1174 |
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The unverified http://duvallgenealogy.blogspot.com/2010/06/mareen-duvall-younger-in-adulthood.html reports:
Mareen Duvall the Younger must have been somewhat rebellious. This is not surprising though since he had lost his parents at a young age and had been forced to live with his stepmother and her new husband during his teen years. In Newman's Mareen Duvall of Middle Plantation we read: "Mareen Duvall once aroused a woman's scorn in the form of Mistress Mary Eagle, the wife of Robert Eagle, who had previously been the wife of James Orrick, then deceased, and whose son,
William Orrick, had already contracted bonds of matrimony with Mareen's sister Catherine. It was declared that on July 12, 1701, at South River Mareen Duvall had made 'false, scandalous, and infamous libel' in writing against Mistress Eagle who had always conducted herself in a very upright and virtuous manner. Some of the accusations are unprintable, but one was an 'impudent strumpet.' Duvall secured Colonel William Dent, of Charles County, one of the outstanding barristers of that day to defend him. The case was presented before the Judges of the Provincial Court on April 27, 1703, but the accusations could not be proven and Robert Eagle and his wife not only lost their case, but the court decreed that Mareen Duvall recover damages against them for an unstated quantity of good, merchantable tobacco."
Cf. https://www.werelate/org.wiki/Person:Mareen_Duvall_(8).
Mareen the Younger had inherited 300 acres [of the Plains in Calvert Co., MD] in his father's estate [father's will proven 13 Aug 1694]. In 1732 the Rev. Jacob Henderson deeded him a tract of land known as "Pleasant Grove" which comprised 1,632 acres. Mareen the Younger began describing himself as "Mareen Duvall Sr. at the Great Marsh".
On 21 Oct 1701 at All Hallow Parish, Anne Arundel County, Maryland Mareen the Younger married Elizabeth Jacob, daughter of John Jacob Sr. and Anne Cheney (Cheyney). It is believed that John Jacob Sr. emigrated from England to Anne Arundel County about 1665. Elizabeth's mother Anne Cheney was born in Maryland about 1660, the daughter of Richard Cheney and Charity Wood, who were both born in England.
Mareen Duvall the Younger and Elizabeth had the following children: Mareen, Susannah, Elizabeth, Samuel, Anne, Benjamin, John, Jacob, Mary, Lewis, and Gabriel. The direct ancestor to Ellis Duvall is Jacob Duvall.
Mareen Duvall the Younger died on 09 June 1741at Pleasant Grove, Queen Anne's Parish, Prince George County, Maryland. His wife Elizabeth, who was born about 1683, died at Pleasant Grove in February 1752. Both left wills devising real and personal property to their children.
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[18813] Robert m. (2) in 1684 Elizabeth Cornell. Ten children are attributed to Sarah in AWT's unverified file, but some must be from his second wife.
[47702] Joseph is shown as husband of Sarah Moyer in the unverified file LCJW-WR3 in 2020 in Ancestry.com which states he is son of Christian Sieber II (1775-1844) & Barbara Kauffman (1777-1839, m. 8 August 1797 in PA). Joseph m. (1) in 1840 in Juniata Co., PA Catharine R. Atchley (1822-1854).